Business opportunities catfish aquaculture is one of the significant business opportunities currently calculated. If we notice there are many seller of the food supply is needed catfish catfish per day, this will keep demand for fish has become increasingly high in the market and open up potential business opportunity that is promising. Livestock Catfish relatively easy when compared with other freshwater fish such as carp or tilapia because it is more resistant to disease or environmental conditions. Here is a general picture about the way catfish farming
* Breeding Catfish.
Catfish is to produce seed until a certain size with a mated male and female parent in a special spawning ponds. Catfish hatchery has a good prospect with a high consumption of catfish and many other catfish rearing business.
* Cultivation System
There are three seeding systems are known, namely:
1. Bulk System. Performed by placing the male and female catfish in a pond with a certain ratio. In this system, the male parent is invited to freely seek partner for mating in the nests of spawning, so it depends on the activeness of the male parent to find their partner.
2. Paired system. Performed by placing a male and a female parent in a special pool. Success will be determined by the accuracy of determining the matching pairs between the two carriers.
3. Breeding Inject System (Hyphofisasi).
Performed by stimulating the catfish to spawn or occur ovulation by injection Hyphofise gland extracts, which are below the cerebrum. For this purpose there must be a fish as donors Hyphofise gland that also must be of the type of catfish.
* Stage Cultivation Process
A. Making Swimming.
There are two kinds / types of pool, ie tub and pools (pool excavation). The selection pool type should be adjusted to the available land. Technically, both on the type of vessel and type of excavation, seeding catfish must have:
Pond reservoir. Get direct input from outside water / water resources. Function for the deposition of mud, water supply, and the growth of plankton. Reservoir pond is a source of water for swimming the other.
Pool maintenance of the parent. Male parent and bertina during the maturation of eggs reared in separate ponds as well as the maturation of the egg and sperm cells.
Spawning Pool. Place of marriage of male and female parent. In this pool should be available from the spawning nests roofed, brick, bamboo and others as a place of male to female relationship.
Separating the pond. Serves to raise saplings that have been hatched and have been aged 3-4 days. Transfer done at that age because tillers began requiring food, which previously was still using the yolk reserves in the digestive tract parent.
B. Parent Selection
Male parent has a sign:
- Bone-shaped flat head
- The color is darker
- More agile movements
- Slim stomach does not look larger than dorsal
- Spike-shaped genitals.
Female parent is marked:
- Bone head convex
- The brighter the color bodies
- Slow motion
- Stomach expands more than the genitals back round.
C. Land preparation.
The process of land management (land ponds) include:
- Drying. To clean the pond and kill many germs.
- Calcification. Performed with Dolomite lime or 60 doses of Zeolite gr/m2 to restore soil acidity and deadly germs that are not dead by drying.
- Treatment TON (Pond Organic Nusantara). to neutralize various toxic and harmful gases result of decomposition of organic matter remaining before cultivation with doses 5 bottles TON / ha or 25 grams (2 tablespoons) / 100m2. Addition of manure can also be done to increase the fertility of the land.
- Importation of Water. Done in stages, first as high as 30 cm and left for 3-4 days to grow plankton as natural feed the catfish.
In the pool type of tub, pond preparation that can be done is:
- Cleaning of tanks of sewage / rest before seeding.
- Drying tub to dry and dead germs. Inclusion of water management and direct fapat immediately treated with the same dose TON
D. Spawning.
Spawning is the process of male to female attendance to remove the egg and sperm cells. Sign ready mating of the male parent is red genitals. Female parent sign the yellow egg (if immature green). Fertilized egg cell that has been attached to the nest and within 24 hours will hatch into tillers catfish.
E. Transfer.
How to transfer:
- Reduce the water in the nests of spawning until the water 10-20 cm high.
- Prepare shelters with a bowl or bucket filled with water in the nest.
- Equalize the temperature in the second pool
- Remove the seeds from the nest into the container shelters with a cup or plate.
- Remove the seeds from the reservoir into the pond carefully at night, because it is still vulnerable to high water temperatures.
F. Germination.
Is ready to sell enlargement to size, ie 5-7 cm, 7-9 cm and 9-12 cm with a different price. Given a protective surface of the pond in the form of water hyacinth or coverings of plastics to avoid rising water temperatures that cause stress catfish easily. Start feeding catfish made since the tiller is moved to the pond.
* Feed Management
Catfish feed tillers form:
- Natural food such as plankton, larva, water fleas and small worms (best) is consumed at ages under 3-4 days.
- Food made to age over 3-4 days. Have high nutrient content, especially protein content.
- To increase the nutrition in the diet, any artificial feeding NASA POC is mixed with a dose of 1-2 cc / kg of feed (mixed with water to taste), to improve growth and resilience of the body because they contain many important mineral elements, proteins and vitamins in the optimal amount.
* Water Management
Measuring water quality can be assessed physically:
- Water must be clean
- Bright green
- Brightness / transparency medium (30-40 cm).
Size of chemical water quality:
- Free of toxic compounds such as ammonia
- Has an optimal temperature (22-26 0C).
To maintain the quality of water to keep it in optimal condition, the provision of much needed fertilizer TON. TON containing essential mineral elements, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and humic acid able to nurture and enrich the natural feed in the form of plankton and worm-type worms, neutralize toxic compounds and creating a balanced pond ecosystem. TON treatment done at the time by land through dissolved and pour on the soil surface of ponds and new water intake at the time or at least every 10 days. The dose is 25 g/100m2 TON.
* Health Management
Basically lelePada fish farming, seedlings are raised catfish will not be hurt if it has high endurance. Chicks catfish get sick more often caused by environmental conditions (water) is bad. Very bad water conditions encourage the growth of various germs, and includes protozoa, fungi, bacteria and others. Then in the health management of hatchery catfish, which is more important is the maintenance of water conditions and high nutrition. In both cases then, the role of TON and very large NASA POC. However, if excessive tillering catfish disease, it is recommended to perform appropriate treatment. Diseases caused by infection with protozoa, bacteria and fungi can be treated with formaldehyde, condensation PK (Potassium Permanganate) or table salt. Use of these medications should be carefully used and the dose should also be suitable.
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